This page is designed for the class to collaborate on notes.

 

Plessy v. Ferguson

 

Plessy sat in a white railroad car (he is 7/8 white and 1/8 African-American) and was arrested because he had African-American blood in him and was sitting in a whites-only car. 

Plessy sued the owner of the railroad company and his case went all the way to the Supreme Court where only one justice disagreed that Plessy should have been arrested.

(Robert Houghton)

 

the case ended with the "separate but equal" compromise.

 (Ben Flood)

 

This famous comment, "seperate but equal", was said by Justice John Marshal Harlen

 

This comment remained the standard doctrine in the U.S.

(Mitch S.)

  Justice Harlan siad the Constitution should be "color-blind."

(Whitney Graneberry)

 

 

Examples of Laws 

 -schools were separated

-jails were separated

-an African American could not be married to a White person

-African Americans had to go in the back door of stores if they were even allowed into the store.

 (Ben Flood)

 

-public accommodations could not be shared by African-Americans and whites

-separate entrances were required for African-Americans and whites

(Robert Houghton)

 

-Circus tent entrance and shop entrances had to be different for both blacks and whites.

-Blacks and whites could not use the same drinking fountains or bathrooms.

 (Mary Martha)

 

 -White orphans couldn't be adopted by black people.

-If you had one black ancestor, you were considered black use the black facilities and entrances and segregation laws.

(Whitney Granberry)

 

 

 

 

 

Jim Crow Time Line

 

 

 

 

 

 

Early Civil Rights Leaders - Role Models

She was born into slavery six months before the Emancipation Proclamation was put in effect. She later bacme a journalist. Her parents and some of her brothers and sisters died from yellow fever.while Ida was visiting some relatives

 

Ida B. Wells

 

Booker T. Washington built the Tuskegee Institute in Tuskegee, Alabama to teach African-Americans industrial and manual labor skills (how to live within Jim Crow)

Many people disagreed with Washington, because he taught people how to live within Jim Crow, and not to fight it, and also, if you are taught industrial and manual labor skills, you are learning how to work for the white men who have enslaved you for many, many years, so some African-Americans might not like that either.

(Robert Houghton)

 

John Wesley Dobbs: He was born in 1882. He was known as the unofficial mayer of Auburn Avenue.

 

John Wesley Dobbs

When and Where was he born?

He was born in Savannah Georgia in 1882.

What did he stand for?

John Wesley Dobbs did his best to get black police officers and racial equality.

What made him so famouse?

Atlanta Mayor William B. Hartfield hired eight black policemen thanks to Dobbs. They could only work on patrol in black neighborhoods and arrest only black people, but just the fact that black people were being hired as policemen was a huge step. He also got streetlamps installed on Auburn Avenue, the center of African American community.

Why is he a hero?

Dobbs is a hero because he grew up in a poor family without a father and spent part his life without a mother.  Despite his hard childhood and unfinished education he stood up for what he thought was right and worked hard untill he got it.

What did he do to help African Americans acheive racial equality?

He fought for desegregation in schools and police stations.

How much education did he have?

He went to school all the way through high school (he also worked various jobs during this time to buy his clothes) then he went to the Atlanta Baptist College (now known as Morehouse College) but his time there was incomplete because he had to leave to take care of his sick mother. He studied throughout his life even with out his complete education.

(Mary Martha) (and Whitney Granberry added some)

 

W.E.B. Dubois

When and Where was he born?

Febuary 23, 1868 in Great Barrington, Ma

What did he do?

-He taught in Ohio and Philadelphia and he taught in Atlanta in 1896

-Between 1900 and 1907 he organized the Four Pan Congress.

-He became the first African American to earn a doctorate degree at Harvard.

-He later became a scholar, editor, and even a civil rights activist.

What places did he travel to?

-1923 Africa

-1927 Russia

How did Dubois help African American earn racial equality?

-He brought forth legal action against lynchers and set up a federal work plan for returning veterans.

-In 1909 he co-founded the NAACP.

-In 1934 he resighned from the NAACP because he didn't like the direction it was going.

When did he die?

Dubois died on August 27, 1963 in Accra, Ghana at age 95

(Mary Martha)

 

Alonzo Herndon

When and Where was he born?

Alanzo Herndon was born on July 21, 1858 as a slave in Social Circle Georgia on a Georgia Plantation owned by his father.

What happened before he bacame famous?

He was set free at age seven and worked with his grandfather at pulling a cross-cut saw. He aquired only a year's worth of formal education.

How did he get famous?

-He bacame a part time hair-cutter.

-Then he got a full time, better paying job as a full time hair-cutter at Douherty Hutchins' Barber Shop.

-He then became the partener of mister Hutchins.

-He worked at Crystal Palace for 10 years

-He founded an inurance company called Atlanta Life Insurance.

Alonzo Herndon became the first African American Millionaire.

(Mary Martha)

 

Ida B. Wells

When and Where was she born?

She was born into slavery on July 16,1882 in Holly Springs, Mississippi. She was born six months before the Emancipation Proclamation.

What kind of Education did she have?

Her father, James Wells, was on the board of trustees at Rust College which was a freedmens school.  That is where Ida got a basic education.

Did her family support her in her stife for racial equality?

Her parents and some of her siblings died of Yellow Fever when she was on vacation.  Ida (who was only 16 at the time) had to mother the rest of her younger siblings until they were old enough to take care of themselves.

What was her job?

-Ida was an avid reader.  She read the Bible many times because of her mother's religious beliefs. 

-When she was older, Ida became a journalist.

-She was offered a regular position and part ownership of the Memphis Free Speech and Headlight in 1877, and she exepted.

-After she became the sole owner, the name was shortened to Free Press.

-She andher husband, Fredrick Barnett, later owned a newspaper called the New York Age.

How did she help promote the racial equality of African Americans?

-Ida helped with the orginazation of the  National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

-She found settlement houses for young African Americans.

-Wells helped gain the right that women should vote.

What troubles did Ida face when she was trying to stand for the rights of African Americans?

-Ida was travling by train to school and had bought a firstclass ticket and was forcibly removed because she was black.

-She refused to move aside where the African Americans were to sit nicknamed "Jim Crow."

-Wells was draged from her seat by the conductor and some whites were applaudning these actions.

When and where did she die?

Ida B. Wells died on March 25, 1931 in Chicago Illinois.

(Mary Martha)

 

 

  Little Rock 9

When-

September 4, 1957

who-

Ernest Green-1rst colored student to graduate from central High in 1958

Elisieth Eckford- crowd surrounded her because she had come seperatly from the group

Jefferson Thomas- graduated from central high in 1960, the year before public schools closed down to prevent itegrigation

Dr. Terrence Roberts- moved to los angoles high school to finsh his education

Carlo Hawalls Lanier- retrned or her senior year in 1959, graduated

Minnijean Brown Trickey- expelled from central high after incidentssuch as tripping and ACIDENTALY spilt her bowl of chili on a white

Gloria Ray Karlmark- graduated from Ilinios tecnical college

Thelma Mothershed Wair- graduated from college

-why important

The reason Little rock nine was crutial to happen was becausepeople wanted to desegrigate schools so they picked out 9 outstanding students to come with their parents support. these 9 students were to start the desegrigation of schools.

-big events

8 of the nine were blocked from entering the school by federal troops.

9th (elisibeth eckford) came later an.d was also blocked

when she turned around to go home, there was an angry mob behide her screaming "Lynch her! Lynch her!"

(Samantha Westmoreland)

 

Bloody Sunday

Who led-

Martin Luther King Jr.

    born jan 15 1929

Atlanta Georgia

PurpusMarch

 

to gain support for the Civil Rights monument and end unfair voting registration

 

dramatic turning point march aborted because of poice violence twards the marchers

Martin Luther King not present because had meeting with prez. he tried to move the march to the 8th but the march went on without him

What happened

1;00 pm march 7 1965, 600 marchers marched to Edmud Pettus bridge. State troopers were waiting for them

 

 

 The reason the march happened was because of the unfair voting rights and the plan was to march protesting from Selma, Alabama to Birmingham,  Alabama  when they were stopped the first time at the  Edmund Pettus Bridge  not far from where they started  when they  were  stopped by officers and state troopers they were attacked by vicious dogs, billy clubs , tear gas, and deputies on horse back. They later tried again but it was not Successful so Martin Luther king stopped the march.

                         (Hogan Barnes)